The flavour of the
week is violet. Violet is a genus of flowering plants
in the violet family Violaceae, with around 400–500 species distributed around
the world. Most species are found in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, however
some are also found in widely divergent areas such as Hawaii, Australasia, and
the Andes. Violets are used in
perfumery, alcohol, medicines and cuisine.
When newly opened, Viola
flowers may be used to decorate salads and soufflés, while ice cream and similar
desserts can be flavoured with essence of Viola flowers. The young
leaves are edible raw or cooked as a somewhat bland leaf vegetable. There are
many types of violets and their culinary uses vary from type to type. For
example, the flowers and leaves of the cultivar 'Rebecca', one of the Violetta
violets, have a distinct vanilla flavour with hints of wintergreen. The pungent
perfume of other types add sweetness to desserts, fruit, and teas while the
mild pea flavour of V. tricolor combines well with savoury foods, like
grilled meats and steamed vegetables.
One popular method of
preserving the flower is to candy them. Candied
violet or crystallized violet
is a flower preserved by a coating of egg white and crystallised sugar.
Alternatively, hot syrup is poured over the fresh flower (or the flower is
immersed in the syrup) and stirred until the sugar recrystallizes and has
dried. Candied violets are still made commercially in Toulouse, France, where
they are known as violettes de Toulouse. They are used as decorating or
included in aromatic desserts.
The French are also
known for their violet syrup, most commonly made from an extract of violets. In
alcohol, violet essence flavours Crème Yvette, Crème de Violette, and Parfait d'Amour.
It is also used in Parma Violet confectionery.
The flowers, leaves
and roots of various species are used for medicinal purposes, being rich in
vitamins A and C and antioxidants. The flowers are also used to make an herbal
tea that is used in Chinese herbal medicine to relieve hay fever, sinus
problems, eczema, and more. Most violas and many plants of the Violaceae plant
family contain cyclotides. These compounds have a diverse range of biological
activities when isolated from the plant, including uterotonic, anti-HIV,
antimicrobial, and insecticidal activities.
Viola odorata is used as a source for scents in the perfume
industry. Violet is an interesting scent because ionone is present in the
flowers, which is a compound that turns off the ability for humans to smell the
fragrance for moments at a time.
The scent of violet leaves is different
from the scent of the flowers. The leaves give off an intense green aroma which
resembles mowed grass combined with a hint of cucumber. The fresh scent of
violet leaves is an integral component in many fragrance compositions, ranging
from fresh floral to oriental spicy and fougere.
Violet liqueur was an integral part of classic
cocktails such as the Aviation, though its use in modern bartending is much diminished.